请问股份share与股票stock的关系（区别与联系），最好能结合这两个的英文说法，thanks! 最好通俗点。

牛津高阶英汉双解上对share的定义是：any of the units of equal value into which a company is divided and sold to raise money.People who own shares receive part of the company's profits.股份
对stock的定义有两个：1、[U]the value of the shares in a company that have been sold 股本，资本
2、[C，usually pl.]a share that sb has bought in a company or businesses 股份，股票

看来你手头有牛津高阶，不错，
二者做股份，股票讲时，朗文商业词典中的解释和你写的差不多，只是强调了美国使用stock，其持有人成为stockholder。
二者可以互换的。
现摘抄一些对你或许能用上的词：
普通股common share/stock
可转换优先股convertible preference share/stock
延期付息股deferred share/stock
普通股，权益股，主权股equity share/stock
发起人股founders' share/stock
记名股inscribed share/stock
经理股，管理人员股management share/stock
新股new share
无面值股票no-par-value share
优先股preference share

sharebroker股票经纪人
share exchange股票交易所
share index股票指数
share register股票登记簿，股东名册